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Signs and Symptoms of HIV in Women

Women account for 1 in every 5 new cases of HIV each year. While most of these cases are as a result of unprotected sexual activity, about 20% of the cases are as a result of illicit drug use (sharing needles). Sadly, about 10% of women infected with HIV are unaware of their status, making it more likely for infection rates to increase.
The symptoms for HIV is similar for both men and women, however, there are some signs and symptoms that are specific to women alone and usually occur in either the early or later stages of infection. To find out more about HIV and its specific symptoms for men or women, visit your nearest sexual health clinic.
Acute HIV infection
This is also known as acute seroconversion and is the first of the three stages of HIV immediately after exposure to the virus. During this first stage, defensive antibodies are produced by the immune system to help in the fight against the virus and subdue the infection. The acute seroconversion phase lasts for 7 to 14 days, and during this phase, people who are infected may begin to experience symptoms that are referred to as acute retroviral symptoms or ARS. These symptoms are just like the flu symptoms and can include mild fever, body ache, rash and swollen lymph nodes.
Disparities in infection rates
Although the acute symptoms in both men and women are generally the same, the variation is in seroconversion rate. Women who are heterosexual are twice more likely to get infected per sexual act as compared to men who are heterosexual. This is partly due to the increased size and porosity of the vaginal tissues as compared to that of the penis.
This does not only confer to the higher rate of infection among women but also in the faster progression of the disease. According to a journal reviewed in 2014, women with HIV have a 1.6 fold greater risk of progressing to AIDS than men.
HIV and STD co-infection
If there is an accompanying STD infection in addition to the HIV infection, the symptoms of such STD infection will begin to manifest during the acute seroconversion phase. Although studies have suggested that about 1 in 7 people who are infected with HIV are co-infected with a type of STD as at the time of diagnosis, this situation is not entirely uncommon.
In the cases of women with HIV, the most common STDs that accompany it include Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis. Besides being co-infected, having any of these STDs or non-sexually transmitted ones like bacterial vaginosis can increase the chances of a woman getting HIV by 2 or 3 fold. The thing to note is that having these infections will not only undermine the barrier function but will also increase the concentration of immune cells at the site of the infection, which is the cervix. Some of the concentration of immune cells are CD4 T-cells, which are the very cells that are targeted and infected by HIV.
In the case of co-infection, HIV can be identified, not by its own symptoms but by the signs and symptoms of the STD.
Symptoms | Chlamydia | Syphilis | Gonorrhoea | Trichomoniasis |
Vaginal discharge | X | X | X | |
Bleeding between periods (metrorrhagia) | X | X | ||
Strong, fish-like odour | X | |||
Vaginal itchiness (pruritus) | X | |||
Painless vaginal sore (chancre) | X | |||
Pain with sex (dyspareunia) | X | X | ||
Burning sensation with urination (dysuria) | X | X | X |
For this reason, anyone who seeks diagnosis and treatment of STD should also get tested for HIV as recommended by the CDC.
Chronic HIV infection
After the acute seroconversion phase, the HIV virus will have been brought under control by the immune system, and the virus will have established a set point during which viral activity will remain more or less stable for a couple of months or years.
The next stage of infection following the acute phase is the chronic stage and is also referred to as clinical latency. This stage of infection is one in which the infection progressed silently with few or no symptoms. At this point, the virus continues to infect and deplete CD4 T-cells that are relied upon when the body needs an immune response to a trigger. As the CD4 T-cells continue to deplete in quantity, there is an increased risk of opportunistic infections as well as immune suppression. Opportunistic infections are so named because they only infect a weak immune system as a strong immune system would be able to subdue them.
Signs and complications of HIV in women
Chronic HIV infection has the symptoms related more to the development of opportunistic infections than the virus itself. This means that the secondary infections affecting a woman’s health and menstrual cycle usually develop as a result of prolonged immune suppression and chronic inflammation.
Note that CD4 T-cell count of 500 -1,200 cells per cubic millimeter is seen as normal, whereas a cell count of 250 – 500 per cubic millimeter is seen as a sign of immunosuppression. Also note that the types of opportunistic infections seen at a CD4 T-cell count of 250 -500 is more or less the same for both men and women. They include infections like herpes zoster, herpes simplex, bacterial and fungal infections, tuberculosis and HIV related meningitis. The symptoms for women include the following.
Vaginal ulcers: the virus most commonly associated with genital herpes is the Herpes simplex virus type 2. The risk of herpes increases in people with HIV with a CD4 count of less than 500. The first manifestation of HIV in women is usually vaginal herpes. This is usually the case when the infected person is co-infected with herpes simplex virus type 2.
Abnormal periods: Menstrual problems like the absence of menstruation (amenorrhea) and irregular menstruation (oligomenorrhea) is experienced more by women who have been infected with HIV. As the CD4 cell count drops, the risk increases. The key risk factors are said to be untreated HIV infection and low body mass index.
Bone problems: Osteoporosis is characterised by bones that break easily, loss of height, back pain and stooped posture. Although women who are in their post-menopausal stage are at an increased risk, those women who are infected with HIV face the risk four times more. Additionally, certain HIV drugs and hepatitis C infection have also been linked to increased bone mineral loss.
Impaired fertility: women with HIV are less able to control the effects of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) even with the help of treatment. This is as a result of the suppression of the immune system by HIV. For this reason, women who are infected with HIV and also have PID can face serious complications like infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In simple terms, this means that women with HIV suffer complications of PID than women without HIV.
Genital warts: Genital warts are commonly linked to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and are also known as condylomas. Studies have shown that women with HIV are at greater risk of having HPV than those without HIV. This, in turn, increases the risk of cervical cancer.
Premature menopause: this condition is defined as the onset of menopause or the experience of menopausal symptoms before the age of 40. This can sometimes happen for women who have HIV, women who have a low CD4 count or women who smoke. However, women who have HIV and are healthy tend to experience menopause around the usual age of 50.
Recurrent yeast infection: vaginal candidiasis is a condition that results from the overgrowth of a fungus called candida. The decline of the CD4 cells also leads to the frequency and severity of the yeast infection. This yeast infection is the counterpart to the one experienced by both men and women called oral thrush.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
This is the third stage of the HIV infection and is characterised by symptomatic disease. All the immune defenses have been wiped out at this stage, leaving you in an immunocompromised state. Also, at this point, you are vulnerable to common and uncommon illnesses because your immune defences are low. Without the means of protection, you run the risk of having life-threatening illnesses which include infections and even cancer.
According to CDC, when you have the following, then you must have progressed to AIDS;
- When you have one of the 28 conditions that define AIDS irrespective of your CD4 count
- When your CD4 count is below 200 cells per cubic millimetre
AIDS-defining conditions are those diseases that are rarely seen outside of immunocompromised people, and include common opportunistic infections that have spread from their typical sites of infection.
Symptoms of aids in women
There is little variation between symptoms of AIDS in men and women. The variations are simply evidence that shows that women experience more significant cognitive decline and are more likely to experience signs of HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia complex) than men.
Invasive cervical cancer is one AIDS-defining condition that is exclusive to women. It is an advanced stage of cervical cancer whereby the cancerous cells have spread to the tissue in the deeper part of the cervix or other parts of the body. Note that ICC can affect women with HIV as well as women without. However, the risk is about 7 times greater for women with HIV.
Non–HIV related conditions
Several non-HIV-related conditions are commonly seen in people who have a long term infection. These conditions include cancers as well as diseases related to ageing that often develop 10 -15 years earlier in people with HIV.
Generally, this means that HIV can increase the risk of non-HIV-related diseases and cancers like heart attacks, stroke and cardiovascular diseases if left untreated. Women are mostly affected in this case. For example, women with HIV are at greater risk of developing heart disease more than men. Also, women with HIV who engage in anal sex are more likely to develop anal cancer. All this is a result of co-infection.
The key to living longer, even with HIV, is early diagnosis and treatment. In the absence of a cure, HIV patients, especially women, can live as long and as healthy as possible.
Find out all you need to know about HIV when you visit this website.

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Having A ‘Talking Stage’ Proves Why Millennials Just Suck At Dating


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Shillong Teer Hit Number

Are you looking for Shillong teer counter hit number today? If so, you will surely find the accurate Shillong teer association hitt number provide by the Shillong association. Shillong Teer HIT number, Shillong Teer Counter Hit Number and Shillong Teer common number are same. The Shillong teer counter will analyze the hitt number every day. We will share the common counter hitt number of the Shillong association on this page everyday. This city Shillong is located in the northeast part of India.
Shillong Teer counter hitt number is calculated based on the mathematical formula. The Shillong association hitt number is calculated with the help of old or previous Teer result data.

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Love Island SPOILER: The singletons couple up as Maya Jama welcomes them to the villa
Love Island kicks off for a new series of Monday nights, with the new singletons coupling up into the first five pairs.
Fans will see the ten singletons move into the luxury villa in South Africa, with the boys seen arriving first.
New host Maya Jama gets stuck in, questioning the five hunks on their love lives, before telling them the girls will soon be making their entrance to pick which boy they want to couple up with.
Here we go! Love Island kicks off for a new series of Monday nights, with the new singletons coupling up into the first five pairs
Shaq and Haris arrive together, before welcoming Will, then Ron, then Kai to their sun-drenched new home.
Maya invites the boys to gather at the fire pit and quizzes them on what they’re looking for.

New host: Fans will see the ten singletons move into the luxury villa in South Africa, with the boys seen arriving first before new host Maya Jama makes her entrance
Maya asks: ‘Is everyone excited, be honest, how many press ups did we do this morning?’ Shaq answers: ‘I’d say at least 75.’
Maya asks: ‘Shaq, have you got a type?’ He says: ‘Not specifically, I go for more personality and vibes but she’s definitely got to be funny, funny is top of my list, I love it.’
Kai adds: ‘I am looking for a wifey,’ while Haris reveals: ‘I’ve never been in a relationship’

First arrivals: Shaq and Haris arrive together, before welcoming Will, then Ron, then Kai to their sun-drenched new home
Ron says: ‘For me it’s all about if they are nice girl.’
Meanwhile farmer Will tells Maya: ‘I wanna settle down, I think it’s time to bring a girl back, introduce them to the animals.’
Maya then declares: ‘I think I’ve found out enough, are you lot ready to meet some girls?’
Inviting the boys to stand before her by the pool Maya then says: ‘Well boys, it is time to couple up, the girls will come in one by one and I’ll ask you to step forward if you fancy them.’

Grand entrance: As they’re getting to know each other, Love Island’s new host Maya Jama makes her entrance after an epic arrival by helicopter

Getting the gossip: Maya invites the boys to gather at the fire pit and quizzes them on what they’re looking for

Getting stuck in: Maya asks: ‘Is everyone excited, be honest, how many press ups did we do this morning?’

The big moment: Inviting the boys to stand before her by the pool Maya then says: ‘Well boys, it is time to couple up
‘Each girl will then decide which boy she wants to couple up with. It’s that simple. So who’s ready to meet our first girl?’
One by one Tanya, Anna-May, Lana, Olivia and Tanyel make their entrance into the Villa.
As the first coupling of the series gets underway, it’s time to see which boys the girls pick and whether they will step on each other’s toes to couple up with the boy they fancy the most.


Here come the girls: One by one Tanya, Anna-May, Lana, Olivia and Tanyel make their entrance into the Villa

Ready for love: ‘Each girl will then decide which boy she wants to couple up with’ Maya tells the ten new singletons

Making an impression: The girls are dressed in their most sizzling bikinis for their first meeting with the boys


It’s getting hot out here: Lana and Tanya are seen deciding on which boy to pick

Gorgeous: Michelle Keegan body double Olivia looks stunning in a hot pink bikini
Once the couples are formed, Maya says: ‘We now have five lovely couples but will you stay together or will your heads be turned?’
As Maya makes her exit from the Villa, she says: ‘Don’t forget finding your perfect match is never that simple, trust me I know.’
As night falls and the Islanders get to know each other a little better, it’s not long before news that the public have been voting for the first bombshell reaches the freshly formed couples.


On the lookout for love: The boys are tasked with stepping forward if they fancy a girl

Sun’s out guns out: The boys strip down to shorts for their big moment in the first recoupling of the new series


Take your pick: With five hunky singletons to choose from, the girls are spoilt for choice

Home sweet home: The Islanders will be calling this sprawling villa in South Africa home

Odyssey has been the lead content writer and content marketer. He has vast experience in the field of writing. His SEO strategies help businesses to gain maximum traffic and success.
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