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Investigating the phenomenon of NSFW posts in Reddit

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1 year ago

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Investigating the phenomenon of NSFW posts in Reddit
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Contents hide
1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Section snippets
4 Related literature
5 Dataset description
6 Overview of our investigation activity
7 Investigating distributions involving NSFW posts
8 Investigating distributions on comments to NSFW posts
9 Investigating co-posting activity of the authors of NSFW posts
10 Evaluating assortativity of the authors of NSFW posts
11 Discussion
12 Conclusion
13 Declaration of Competing Interest
14 Acknowledgments

Abstract

In this paper, we study the characteristics of NSFW (Not Safe For Work) posts in Reddit, highlighting their differences from SFW (Safe For Work) posts, which have been much more studied in the past literature. In our investigation, we studied all Reddit posts from 2019. Through both descriptive analytics techniques and social network analysis techniques, we extract three findings on the main differences between NSFW and SFW posts in Reddit. Thanks to these findings, we are able to better understand the dynamics (authors, subreddits, readers) behind NSFW posts. In particular, it becomes clear that this is a niche world where authors are strongly cohesive. However, at the same time, the most popular ones show a clear opening to new authors, whom they are willing to collaborate with, from the beginning.

Introduction

Reddit1 is currently one of the most active social media. It has been extensively studied by researchers in the past [19]. In [25], the authors present an interesting longitudinal analysis of the evolution of this social medium. Furthermore, many papers have focused on specific aspects of this social network, concerning, for example, community structures and interactions [27], [8], [10], user behavior [3], [14], [16], structure and content of subreddits, posts and comments [24], structural properties [10], [13], [33], text classification [15], user migration [21], political and ideological aspects [12], [31].

One aspect of Reddit worth to be analyzed involves NSFW (Not Safe For Work) posts. This term refers to user-submitted content not suitable to be viewed in public or in professional contexts. The phenomenon of NSFW posts in Reddit has been very little investigated, although it is very common in this social medium. In fact, only a very small number of authors have analyzed it [17], [20]. The term “NSFW” has been proposed since 1998, and is one of the oldest acronyms of the Internet. Since its first appearance, many social media, such as Twitter, WhatsApp and Reddit, have adopted it to indicate certain sections or contents. In addition, several authors have focused on the analysis of this phenomenon in other social networks. The study about the role of images and selfies in NSFW content of tumblr.com, presented in [28], and the analysis of the anonymity level of NSFW content in both Twitter and Whisper, described in [7] are two examples.

In this paper, we give a contribution in this setting investigating the phenomenon of NSFW posts in Reddit and describing the whole context (authors, subreddits and readers) behind it. For this purpose, we consider a dataset that includes all the posts published in Reddit from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2019.

During our investigation, we carried out three types of analysis, namely:

•

Descriptive Analysis, to study the distributions of the entities involved in the phenomenon (e.g., the distribution of NSFW posts against subreddits, authors, score and comments).

•

Social Network Analysis, to study the co-posting phenomenon, and therefore the interactions between authors of NSFW posts.

•

Assortativity Analysis, to extend and deepen the previous analyses to discover and study whether possible forms of assortativity [22] exist among the authors of NSFW posts. Recall that assortativity is a particular case of homophily in social networks [18], which indicates the tendency of a node to cooperate with nodes having similar characteristics.

These analyses allowed us to extract three findings regarding NSFW posts, NSFW authors and NSFW subreddits, respectively. Throughout our analysis, in most of the cases, we compare each finding on NSFW posts with the corresponding one on SFW (Safe For Work) posts. Some of the questions these findings provide an answer to are the following:

•

What can be said about the spread of NSFW posts in the subreddits?

•

What can be said about the quantity of posts an NSFW author usually submits?

•

What can be said about the score of NSFW posts?

•

What can be said about the number and the score of comments to NSFW posts?

•

What can be said about the level of interconnection between authors of NSFW posts?

•

Is there a backbone among experienced authors of NSFW posts? In other words, do they tend to interact only with their peers (i.e., authors with the same level of experience), or are they open to collaborations with new authors who have just started publishing NSFW posts?

Finally, we suitably combine the knowledge represented by the three findings in order to describe the dynamics behind the phenomenon of NSFW posts in Reddit.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we present related literature. In Section 3, we describe the dataset used in our analysis. In Section 4, we provide an overview of our investigation activity. In Section 5, we study various distributions involving NSFW posts. In Section 6, we study several distributions regarding comments of NSFW posts. In Section 7, we investigate the co-posting activity of the authors of NSFW posts. In Section 8, we evaluate the assortativity of the authors of NSFW posts. In Section 9, we combine the three findings derived during our investigations in order to define an overall picture of this phenomenon. Finally, in Section 10, we draw our conclusions and think of some possible developments of our research efforts.

Section snippets

Related literature

The term “NSFW” was first proposed in 1998 and it is one of the oldest acronyms of the Internet. It refers to content that is not suitable to be viewed in a working environment. Since then, different online systems, like Twitter, WhatsApp, many forums, and Reddit, have adopted this term to label sections with posted content not adequate for everybody and, in general, not suitable for public and professional contexts. Specifically, Reddit has introduced a dedicated group of contents called NSFW

Dataset description

The dataset used for our analysis has been downloaded from the website pushshift.io [1], one of the main Reddit data sources. In particular, we extracted all the posts published on Reddit from January 1st, 2019 to September 1st, 20192. The number of posts available for our analysis was 150,795,895. In Reddit, an NSFW post must be marked as such by its author.

Overview of our investigation activity

Our investigation of the phenomenon of NSFW posts in Reddit follows the workflow shown in Fig. 1.

Due to layout reasons, this figure shows the dataset in input only to the first module. Actually, the dataset is provided in input to each module of the workflow. Similarly, the descriptive (resp., co-posting) knowledge, which are shown as an input for the co-posting (resp., assortativity) analysis module, are also an output of the investigation activity.

As we can see in Fig. 1, the first phase of

Investigating distributions involving NSFW posts

In this section, we present some analyses directly involving NSFW and SFW posts. In particular, we study the distribution of subreddits and authors against posts and the distribution of posts against the scores assigned to them by Reddit users.

Investigating distributions on comments to NSFW posts

In this section, we analyze the comments to NSFW posts investigating their authors, the scores they get and the subreddits they are submitted to.

Investigating co-posting activity of the authors of NSFW posts

The goal of this analysis is to verify whether there is any correlation between the authors of NSFW posts. As usual, we will extract the information of interest and we will compare the behavior of authors of NSFW posts with the ones of SFW posts. In this activity, we will use a support data structure that we call co-posting network. Having observed in all the previous experiments that the results obtained for the Jan-Feb datasets (i.e., D and D‾) are stable, from now on we will refer to these

Evaluating assortativity of the authors of NSFW posts

The concept of “assortativity”, or “assortative mixing”, in a social network points out the predilection of its nodes to be connected with other nodes that are somehow similar to them. This concept, introduced by Newman [22], can be seen as an evolution of the concept of homophily [18], typical of Social Network Analysis. Assortativity is orthogonal to node similarity metrics considered, even if most of the authors in the literature have studied it with respect to node degree. According to this

Discussion

Combining together all the previous results, we can define three main findings related to posts, authors and subreddits, respectively. Some of these findings are made up of several sub-findings.

The three findings are the following:

PF (Finding on NSFW posts).

1.

NSFW posts are generally published in much fewer subreddits, have much lower scores and are much less commented than SFW posts.

2.

The scores of comments to NSFW posts are much lower than the ones to SFW posts.

AF (Finding on NSFW authors).

1.

NSFW

Conclusion

In this paper, we have presented an approach to investigate NSFW posts in Reddit. We have seen that this type of content is frequent in this social medium and, despite this, there are very few studies on this subject in the past literature. We have tried to fill this gap and we have proposed an approach that investigates the phenomenon of NSFW posts in Reddit with descriptive, co-posting and assortativity analyses.

In this way, we have obtained three findings, which, together with the principles

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by: (i) the Italian Ministry for Economic Development (MISE) under the project “Smarter Solutions in the Big Data World”, funded within the call “HORIZON2020” PON I&C 2014–2020 (CUP B28I17000250008), and (ii) the Department of Information Engineering at the Polytechnic University of Marche under the project “A network-based approach to uniformly extract knowledge and support decision making in heterogeneous application contexts” (RSAB 2018).

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Unraveling “Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue”

Odyssey

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1 month ago

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October 31, 2023

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Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue
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Are you a die-hard crossword fanatic who can’t get past the alluring hint “Drawings of National Interest”? You are not alone, though. Crosswords can be difficult, but you can overcome them if you use the proper strategy. We explore the world of crossword puzzles in this piece, with a particular emphasis on solving the mysterious “Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue.”

The Mystery Behind “Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue”

It can be difficult to figure out the right answer when faced with a cryptic crossword. Let’s dissect it.

Understanding Crossword Clues

To solve any crossword puzzle, you need to decode the clues effectively. In the case of “Drawings of National Interest,” you must recognize that this is a cryptic clue.

Cryptic clues involve wordplay, and in this case

Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue

Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue

 

“Drawings of National Interest” could allude to wordplay or puns about national interest rather than actual drawings. Use lateral thinking, synonyms, and hidden meanings to get the solution to this.

Utilizing Crossword Dictionaries

Your best buddy when trying to solve crossword puzzles is a crossword dictionary. They include cryptic riddles and a wide variety of crossword answers. For potential solutions to a challenging riddle such as “Drawings of National Interest,” visit a trustworthy crossword dictionary.

Tips for Solving Cryptic Clues

Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue

Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue

 

Divide the hint into its constituent parts.
Examine each section for possible interpretations.
Make use of synonyms and word associations.
Search for anagrams or homophones.
Pay attention to puns and implied meanings.

Expert Insights

Cryptic crosswords are difficult to solve without practice and patience. Even seasoned solvers run into difficult clues. The secret is to relish the procedure and recognize the deft wordplay that goes into it.

Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue: FAQs

Q1: What is the best approach to solving cryptic crossword clues?

A1: The best approach is to dissect the clue, identify possible wordplay, and consult crossword dictionaries.

Q2: Can online crossword solvers help with cryptic clues?

A2: Online solvers can provide hints, but solving cryptic clues is a skill that improves with practice.

Q3: Are there any common indicators in cryptic clues?

A3: Yes, common indicators include words like “in,” “about,” “around,” and others that suggest rearrangement or transformation.

Q4: Is it advisable to use crossword-solving software?

A4: While software can help, it’s best to develop your solving skills through manual practice.

Q5: How do I become better at solving cryptic crossword clues?

A5: Regular practice, studying wordplay techniques, and learning from experienced solvers can significantly improve your skills.

Q6: Can I find tutorials or courses on solving cryptic crosswords?

A6: Yes, there are courses and tutorials available online to enhance your crossword-solving abilities.

Conclusion

It takes practice, wordplay, and inventiveness to solve the “Drawings of National Interest Crossword Clue”. Keep in mind that the purpose of cryptic crosswords is to test your mental faculties and provide you with a satisfying sense of achievement upon solving them.

Your greatest friends when it comes to solving crossword puzzles will be perseverance and an acute sense of detail. Thus, seize the opportunity and relish the journey. Have fun solving!

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Unraveling the “Author Traister Crossword Clue”

Odyssey

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1 month ago

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October 31, 2023

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Author Traister Crossword Clue
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Are you an avid crossword solver who is constantly seeking out new challenges? If that’s the case, you may have heard of “Author Traister Crossword Clue.” Many crossword problem solvers are intrigued and intrigued by this intriguing clue. This essay will examine the world of crossword puzzles, provide some background on Rebecca Traister, and discuss the importance of her contributions.

Who is Rebecca Traister?

Instead of being a writer in the conventional sense, Rebecca Traister is a skilled American journalist and writer who is renowned for her perceptive and provocative pieces. She frequently writes about feminism, politics, and society. Even while she may not be the creator of a crossword puzzle, there is no denying her impact on language and the word world.

The Importance of Rebecca Traister’s Work

Author Traister Crossword Clue

Author Traister Crossword Clue

 

Writings by Rebecca Traister have had a significant influence on current discourse. She is well-respected in the media community for her ability to break down complicated subjects and make them understandable and interesting. Her writing challenges readers to think critically and consider alternative viewpoints.

The Fascinating World of Crossword Puzzles

For many years, crossword puzzles have provided amusement and intellectual challenge. Crossword puzzle fans are drawn to the challenge of solving cryptic clues and adding words to the grid, which keeps them coming back for more. But what if you come across a crossword clue that appears to relate to a person by the name of “Author Traister”?

The Quest for the “Author Traister Crossword Clue”

The crossword puzzle community is renowned for their fervor and commitment to solving even the trickiest puzzles. Puzzlers set out to solve the puzzle when they come upon the clue “Author Traister”. Certain hints lead to well-known writers, while others can indicate persons who have made significant literary contributions.

The Crossword Puzzle Community

Fans of crossword puzzles are devoted to them. At crossword competitions, enthusiasts congregate to exchange problem favorites and strategies. People that solve crosswords together feel very close, and the joy of solving challenging puzzles like “Author Traister” is only increased by the difficulty of the puzzles.

The Challenge of Crossword Clues

The difficulty of crossword clues can vary greatly. While some are simple and only require general knowledge, others call for wordplay and creative thinking. Solvers frequently embark on a voyage of inquiry and discovery when they find clues connected to well-known people or authors.

Rebecca Traister’s Influence

Even if Rebecca Traister hasn’t had a direct impact on the crossword community, her thoughts and work have had an indirect one because to analysis. She urges crossword puzzle fans to approach puzzles with an open mind and a hunger for the unexpected because she is a writer who questions the status quo.

Searching for Clues

Finding clues is the main strategy for solving crossword puzzles. When confronted with the mysterious “Author Traister” clue, puzzle solvers explore the other hints and across/down responses in order to interpret it. Sometimes the answer is found by making connections between different hints all over the grid.

Online Resources for Crossword Enthusiasts

Crossword solvers have access to a multitude of web resources in the current digital era. Websites, discussion boards, and applications for completing crosswords provide insightful analysis, advice, and conversations about the trickiest clues—including “Author Traister”—that can be found.

The Impact of Crossword Puzzles on Society

Not only have crossword puzzles amused people, but they have also had surprising social effects. These puzzles have had a long-lasting impact, contributing to vocabulary growth and critical thinking development. The endeavor to answer the crossword puzzle “Author Traister” is a prime example of this hobby’s significant influence.

The Art of Puzzle Solving

Wordplay, logic, and imagination are all combined in the talent of solving puzzles. It tests mental acuity and provides a satisfying sense of completion upon filling the final square. One riddle that puts our intelligence and persistence to the test is the “Author Traister” clue.

The Joy of Discovery

Author Traister Crossword Clue

Author Traister Crossword Clue

 

It’s difficult to duplicate the excitement of solving a difficult crossword puzzle. The achievement of solving a crossword puzzle, particularly one featuring a strange clue like “Author Traister,” is proof of the delights of learning and inquisitiveness.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Is Rebecca Traister an author of crossword puzzles?
A1: No, Rebecca Traister is not an author of crossword puzzles. She is an accomplished writer and journalist known for her insightful articles on various topics.

Q2: Why is the “Author Traister Crossword Clue” so popular among crossword solvers?
A2: The popularity of this clue lies in its mysterious nature and the challenge it presents to crossword enthusiasts. It encourages them to explore and think creatively.

Q3: Are there any online communities for crossword enthusiasts?
A3: Yes, there are numerous online communities, forums, and websites dedicated to crossword enthusiasts. These platforms provide a space for discussion, sharing tips, and solving puzzles together.

Q4: What is the significance of crossword puzzles in society?
A4: Crossword puzzles have played a significant role in expanding vocabulary, promoting critical thinking, and offering a source of entertainment and intellectual stimulation.

Q5: Where can I find more crossword puzzles to solve?
A5: You can find crossword puzzles in newspapers, puzzle books, and online crossword websites and apps. They offer a wide range of puzzles, from easy to challenging, for all levels of solvers.

Conclusion

To sum up, the “Author Traister Crossword Clue” is proof of the continuing fascination of crossword puzzles and the expressive power of language. Even though it might not have an obvious solution, crossword aficionados’ perseverance and dedication are demonstrated by the trip they took to figure out its significance.

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