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Aging eyes Youth protein may be key for prevention treatment

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Aging eyes Youth protein may be key for prevention treatment
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  • The “youth” protein, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), protects cells in the eye’s retina from oxidative stress, a new animal study shows.
  • Researchers with the National Eye Institute (NEI) found that declines in PEDF levels may contribute to aging-related diseases of the retina.
  • Experts hope these findings will lead to developing new therapies that can reverse or counter the effects of PEDF loss.

The retina is composed of tissues in the back of the eye that process light signals and send them to the brain. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells make up part of this important structure for vision.

A recent animal study by the National Eye InstituteTrusted Source, part of the National Institutes of HealthTrusted Source, suggests that the loss of a certain protein could cause RPE cells to stop nourishing and recycling photoreceptor cells.

The resulting senescenceTrusted Source or deterioration of RPE cells may trigger the onset of diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinal dystrophies. These conditions are known to cause progressive vision loss.

A team led by Dr. Patricia Becerra, senior investigator at the NEI’s Section of Protein Structure and Function, discovered that the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plays an anti-aging function for RPE cells. Their findings could offer the potential for finding new ways to treat or prevent aging-associated retinal diseases.

This study was published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

PEDF, the “youth” protein

The RPE produces and secretes PEDF via the Serpinf1Trusted Sourcegene. PEDF is called the “youth” protein due to its abundance in young retinas.

RPE production and PEDF secretion decline during senescence and aging in the eyes, skin, lungs, and other tissues.

Earlier research suggests that PEDF can protect photoreceptor cells from damage and inhibit the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye.

However, Dr. Becerra stated: “We always wondered if loss of PEDF was driven by aging or was driving aging.”

Evidence from PEDF-negative mice

To find the answer, Dr. Becerra and her colleagues used a mouse model bioengineered without the PEDF gene Serpinf1.

Looking into the cellular structure of the models’ retinas, the researchers discovered remarkable differences from the control samples of wild-type mice.

The RPE cell nuclei were enlarged, which could indicate differences in how the cells’ DNA was arranged. These cells had also activated four genes associated with cellular senescence and aging.

Dr. Ivan Rebustini, a staff scientist in Dr. Becerra’s lab and the study’s lead author, remarked: “One of the most striking things was this reduction in the PEDF receptor on the surface of the RPE cells in the mouse lacking the PEDF protein. It seems there’s some sort of feedback-loop involving PEDF […]”

These changes led the team to conclude that PEDF decline prompts the aging of retinal cells.

The study’s limitations and potential

This study may uncover ways to help reduce age-related vision problems, but it does come with a few limitations.

What’s causing PEDF loss?

Although the research proposes that PEDF may drive aging, its results do not answer what’s causing PEDF loss.

In an interview with Medical News Today, Dr. Becerra explained: “Besides PEDF, there are other proteins that are dysregulated in various epithelial tissues—including the RPE—during aging. Besides changes in the expression and production of aging-related proteins, telomere shortening has been associated with aging, and is observed in epithelial tissues with high turnover, like the skin.”

“Telomeres are a structure at the end of a chromosome that maintains the integrity of our genes and are a critical factor for age-related diseases. Their shortening can affect the expression of genes during aging; the PEDF gene, Serpinf1, is one of them,” she continued.

“However, the extent to which this is driving PEDF loss in the eye is unknown,” she added.

MNT also discussed this study with Dr. Howard R. Krauss, surgical neuro-ophthalmologist of Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, who was not involved in this research.

Dr. Krauss shared that while “we understand the vital importance of this protein and […] that its availability declines with age and/or degenerative disease, [w]e do not know what causes the loss.”

He agreed that PEDF depletion is just one of many factors behind RPE aging. He noted that identifying more factors may be necessary for reducing or reversing age-related damage.

Mouse-to-human trial challenges

The present work analyzed mouse models, which would be difficult to translate to human trials, Dr. Krauss cautioned.

For instance, Dr. Becerra noted that “the lack of a macula in the mouse’s retina means the parallels to conditions like age-related macular degeneration are not as clear as they might be in a species with that structure.”

According to Dr. Krauss: “[T]here will be no assurance that what may work in this mouse model will ultimately be of value in humans.”

Further, Dr. Becerra told MNT that, because samples from patients without PEDF are scarce, replicating the study in humans would be challenging.

The study’s applications

Nevertheless, Dr. Krauss was somewhat optimistic about the implications of this NIH research.

He hoped that the demonstration of the effects of PEDF loss “will now allow the use of this model to apply potential therapeutic measures to increase PEDF and/or the application of proposed therapeutic measures to counteract the damaging effects of PEDF depletion.”

Dr. Becerra said that she and fellow researchers will continue exploring “ways to use PEDF-derived peptides or mimics as a therapeutic for humans.”

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Budget Friendly Long Shrugs for Women That Look Expensive

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Fashion enthusiasts know that looking stylish doesn’t always mean breaking the bank. In the world of trends and must-have wardrobe staples, one item stands out for its affordability and elegance of budget friendly long shrugs for women. These versatile pieces not only elevate your outfit but also prove that you can achieve a high-end look without a hefty price tag. Let’s delve into the world of affordable fashion and discover how you can snag long shrugs that exude luxury without burning a hole in your pocket.

The Rise of Affordable Fashion

The fashion industry has witnessed a significant shift in recent years, with more emphasis on inclusivity and affordability. Gone are the days when style was synonymous with a hefty price tag. Today, fashion-forward individuals can find on-trend pieces at budget-friendly prices, and long shrugs are no exception.

Materials Matter

Achieving an expensive look on a budget begins with choosing the right materials. While genuine silk and cashmere may be out of reach for budget-conscious shoppers, there are plenty of high-quality alternatives that mimic the luxurious feel without the extravagant cost. Look for long shrugs made from soft and flowy fabrics like rayon, polyester blends, or even viscose. These materials not only offer comfort but also drape beautifully, creating a sophisticated and expensive appearance.

Classic Colors for Timeless Appeal

When it comes to budget-friendly fashion that looks expensive, sticking to classic colors is a foolproof strategy. Timeless shades like black, navy, camel, and ivory exude sophistication and are easy to mix and match with various outfits. Investing in a long shrug in one of these classic hues ensures it becomes a versatile wardrobe staple, effortlessly elevating both casual and dressy ensembles.

Embrace Minimalism

The key to making budget-friendly long shrugs for women look expensive lies in embracing the beauty of simplicity. You should opt for designs with minimal embellishments, and more kind of printed shrugs with floral, animal, or many trendy prints. A sleek, open-front shrug with subtle detailing like ribbing or a fine knit can easily pass for a high-end piece. Remember, less is often more when it comes to creating an expensive-looking aesthetic.

Tailoring and Fit

Regardless of the price, the right fit can make all the difference. Look for long shrugs with well-executed tailoring that flatters your body shape. A well-fitted shrug, even at a lower price point, gives the impression of custom-made elegance. Pay attention to details such as sleeve length and overall length to ensure a polished and sophisticated appearance.

Shop Smart Sales, Clearance, and Secondhand Finds

Achieving an expensive look on a budget requires a bit of savvy shopping. Keep an eye out for sales, clearance events, and discount codes from your favorite retailers. Many budget-friendly fashion brands offer stylish long shrugs for women at a fraction of the original cost during these promotions. Additionally, exploring secondhand or thrift stores can unearth hidden gems, allowing you to snag a high-quality long shrug at an unbeatable price.

DIY Elegance

For those with a knack for creativity, consider giving a budget friendly long shrug a personalized touch. Add embellishments like buttons, lace, or embroidery to elevate its aesthetic. DIY projects not only allow you to tailor a piece to your liking but also create a unique look that sets you apart from the crowd. With a bit of imagination and some basic crafting skills, you can turn an affordable long shrug into a custom-designed masterpiece.

Mix and Match

The true art of budget-friendly fashion lies in the ability to mix and match pieces to create diverse looks. Pair your long shrug with both casual and formal outfits to maximize its versatility. By styling it differently each time, you can create the illusion of an extensive and expensive wardrobe without investing in numerous pricey items.

Concluding Off

Budget friendly long shrugs for women by Wabi Sabi Styles that look expensive are not just a fashion myth but a reality for those who know where to look and how to style. With a keen eye for quality materials, classic colors, and smart shopping strategies, you can build a wardrobe that reflects your style without draining your wallet. Embrace the beauty of affordable fashion and let your budget friendly long shrugs become the secret weapon in your quest for a chic and sophisticated look.

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Introducing YNY Shoes: Where Comfort Meets Style with a Dash of Quirkiness!

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Introducing YNY Shoes
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Are you sick of cramming your toes into footwear that appears to have been created by a medieval tormentor? Or perhaps you simply want to stand out in a crowd without coming off as a fashion victim by wearing shoes that can do that. So, dear friend, please welcome to the world of footwear your new best friend: YNY Shoes. We’re going to take a stroll into the fascinating world of YNY Shoes, so fasten your seatbelt (or your laces, in this case).

What in the World are YNY Shoes?

The question “What on earth is a YNY Shoe?” may be on your mind. Not a secret code for the newest conspiracy idea, so don’t be alarmed. Your doorway to fashion, comfort, and a dash of fun in the world of footwear is YNY Shoes. They are like your everyday shoes’ hip relative, ready to go on an adventure.

Comfort that Hugs Your Feet

Introducing YNY Shoes:

Introducing YNY Shoes: Where Comfort Meets Style with a Dash of Quirkiness!

 

YNY Shoes are more than just a statement of style; they’re like a warm hug for your feet. You know those times when your feet feel as though they have been through a fight from the Middle Ages? Bid adieu to bygone times. You’ll feel the kind of ease with YNY Shoes that will make you want to dance through life—or at the very least, walk without grimacing.

Style with a Dash of Quirkiness

YNY Shoes are your fantasy come true if wearing dull shoes is your worst nightmare. You will look like the star of your own eccentric fashion show if you wear these shoes. People are going to ask, “Where did you get those cool shoes?” because of the variety of patterns, from fun polka dots to vivid stripes.

A Bit of Humor for Good Measure

YNY Shoes recognize that life is too brief to take anything too seriously. These sneakers are meant to add a little comedy to your every step with clever slogans and entertaining graphics. Who wouldn’t smile when they have a pair of shoes with the words “Dino-Mite” or “Pawsitive Vibes” written on them?

Exploring the Versatile Range

A range of styles are available from YNY Shoes to suit various tastes and moods. They have a variety of styles for everyone, including canvas slip-on shoes and traditional lace-up sneakers. Need a colorful pair to go with your carefree attitude? They possess it. Need something more understated for a laid-back day out? That is also taken care of by YNY Shoes. Additionally, their entertaining and original styles guarantee that no matter the situation, your shoe game is always on point.

The Gift of Uniqueness

Are you sick of forgetting your shoes at the gym or accidently swapping them with your friends? That issue can also be resolved by YNY Shoes. In order to prevent anyone else from taking your shoes, you can personalize them with your name or a particular message. It’s like a stylish “hands off my shoes” sign!

Eco-Friendly Footwear

YNY Shoes cares about the environment in addition to making your feet happy. They use eco-friendly materials in many of their shoes, allowing you to walk with less of a carbon footprint. These sneakers have the approval of Mother Earth, and you will too.

The YNY Shoes Community

Introducing YNY Shoes:

Introducing YNY Shoes: Where Comfort Meets Style with a Dash of Quirkiness!

 

The community that YNY Shoes has established is among its best features. When you wear a pair of YNY Shoes, you’re not just following the latest fashion; you’re also joining a vibrant, friendly, and supportive community of people who share your sense of humor and appreciation for fashion and comfort. It’s comparable to joining a posh club where the only admission cost is a killer pair of shoes.

YNY Shoes offers your feet a breath of fresh, amusing air in a world full of boring shoes. They are the remedy for uninspired clothing and the prescription for walking with a smile. So why choose the usual when a pair of YNY Shoes may help you embrace the extraordinary? Step forward, step a zany and comfy step at a time, let your feet speak for you. Make the world your runway by putting your best foot forward now!

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: Are YNY Shoes comfortable for all-day wear?

A1: Absolutely! YNY Shoes are designed with your comfort in mind. You can wear them all day, whether you’re at the office, going for a walk, or dancing the night away.

Q2: Do YNY Shoes come in different sizes?

A2: Yes, YNY Shoes are available in a wide range of sizes, so you can find the perfect fit for your feet.

Q3: Can I clean YNY Shoes easily?

A3: Yup! YNY Shoes are easy to clean; a gentle wipe or toss in the washing machine should do the trick. Just don’t forget to remove the insoles first!

In Conclusion

YNY Shoes are more than just shoes; they’re a humorous conversation starter, a devotion to comfort, and a reflection of your personality. YNY Shoes has got your back, or more specifically, your feet whether you’re an introvert trying to make a statement or an extrovert trying to draw attention!

So keep in mind that dull shoes are for the birds the next time you go shoe shopping. Choose YNY Shoes and let your feet speak for you, or perhaps “walk the quirky talk”?

It’s time to enter the world of YNY Shoes, where style and comfort are combined with a dash of eccentricity. Don’t merely blend in; instead, stand out and bring joy to others, one step at a time. Who knew wearing shoes could be so enjoyable?

in your make the finest impression with YNY Shoes!…

Also Visit: Safety First

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Also Read: Unlocking the Fun Side of Business

 

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